improved seismic design of structural frames by optimization of equivalent lateral load pattern

well-known seismic design codes have offered an alternative equivalent static procedure for practical purposes instead of verifying design trials with complicated step-y-step dynamic analyses. such a pattern of base-shear distribution over the building height will enforce its special stiffness and strength distribution which is not necessarily best suited for seismic design. the present study, utilizes a hybrid optimization procedure to seek for the best stiffness distribution in moment-resistant building frames. both continuous loading pattern and discrete sizing variables are treated as optimization design variables. the continuous part is sampled by harmony search algorithm while a variant of ant colony optimization is utilized for the discrete part. further search intensification is provided by branch and bound technique. in order to verify the design candidates, static, modal and time-history analyses are applied regarding the code-specific design spectra. treating a number of building moment-frame examples, such a hyper optimization resulted in new lateral loading patterns different from that used in common code practice. it was verified that designing the moment frames due to the proposed loading pattern can result in more uniform story drifts. in addition, locations of the first failure of columns were transmitted to the upper/less-critical stories of the frame. this achievement is important to avoid progressive collapse under earthquake excitation.